Persian Corner کُنج فارسی

✗Wrong: I have a car red.

✓Right: I have a red car.

Adjectives go before the noun in English.

ما می‌گوییم «ماشینِ قرمز» (اسم + صفت). در انگلیسی صفت قبل از اسم می‌آید: a red car.

✗Wrong: Although it was late, but we went out.

✓Right: Although it was late, we went out. / It was late, but we went out.

Use although OR but, never both.

«با اینکه... ولی...» در فارسی طبیعی است، اما در انگلیسی فقط یکی را بیاورید: although یا but.

✗Wrong: I went to the office and I saw my boss and he said the report is late and…

✓Right: I went to the office, where my boss told me the report was late.

English prefers shorter sentences joined with varied linkers and clauses.

جمله‌های طولانی با «و... و...» در فارسی رایج است؛ در انگلیسی از جمله‌ی کوتاه‌تر و رابط‌های متنوع استفاده کنید.

✗Wrong: Because I was tired, so I went home.

✓Right: Because I was tired, I went home. / I was tired, so I went home.

Use because OR so, never both in one sentence.

«چون... پس...» را در انگلیسی با هم نمی‌آوریم؛ یا because یا so.

✗Wrong: Is raining. / Am tired.

✓Right: It's raining. / I'm tired.

English always needs a subject, even an empty one like it.

فارسی فاعل را حذف می‌کند (خسته‌ام)، اما جمله‌ی انگلیسی همیشه فاعل می‌خواهد؛ حتی it بی‌معنی در It's raining.

✗Wrong: “Don't you like tea?” “Yes.” (meaning: I don't)

✓Right: “Don't you like tea?” “No, I don't.” / “Yes, I do.”

Answer the fact, not the question: Yes = I do, No = I don't.

در فارسی «نه» یعنی «حرفت درست است، دوست ندارم» و «چرا» یعنی «دوست دارم». در انگلیسی Yes یعنی دوست دارم و No یعنی دوست ندارم.

✗Wrong: Where you work?

✓Right: Where do you work?

Questions need an auxiliary (do/does/did, be, have, a modal) before the subject.

در فارسی فقط با لحن سؤال می‌پرسیم. در انگلیسی برای سؤال، فعل کمکی (مثل do) قبل از فاعل لازم است.

✗Wrong: I yesterday to the bazaar went.

✓Right: I went to the bazaar yesterday.

English order is Subject + Verb + Object, then place, then time.

در فارسی فعل آخر جمله می‌آید. در انگلیسی فعل درست بعد از فاعل می‌آید: فاعل + فعل + مفعول + مکان + زمان.

✗Wrong: Every students has a book.

✓Right: Every student has a book.

every and each take a singular noun.

بعد از every و each اسم مفرد می‌آید، برخلاف «همه‌ی دانشجویان».

✗Wrong: The life is beautiful. / The music helps me relax.

✓Right: Life is beautiful. / Music helps me relax.

For things in general, use no article with uncountable and plural nouns.

وقتی درباره‌ی چیزی به طور کلی حرف می‌زنیم (زندگی، موسیقی) the نمی‌آوریم.

✗Wrong: I am teacher. / I bought car.

✓Right: I am a teacher. / I bought a car.

One countable thing needs a/an (or the, my…).

فارسی حرف تعریف ندارد. در انگلیسی اسم مفرد قابل‌شمارش تنها نمی‌آید: a teacher، a car.

✗Wrong: One of my friend lives in Paris.

✓Right: One of my friends lives in Paris.

one of + plural noun (+ singular verb).

بعد از one of اسم جمع می‌آید (friends)، ولی فعل مفرد است (lives).

✗Wrong: Can you give me some informations / advices?

✓Right: Can you give me some information / advice?

information, advice, news, furniture… are uncountable: no -s, no a/an.

این اسم‌ها در انگلیسی غیرقابل‌شمارش‌اند و جمع بسته نمی‌شوند؛ برای یکی بگویید a piece of advice.

✗Wrong: I have two book.

✓Right: I have two books.

After two, three… the noun is plural.

در فارسی بعد از عدد اسم مفرد است («دو کتاب»)، اما در انگلیسی جمع می‌شود: two books.

✗Wrong: My mother is a doctor. He works at night.

✓Right: My mother is a doctor. She works at night.

English separates he (man), she (woman) and it (thing).

«او» در فارسی برای زن و مرد یکی است. در انگلیسی برای مرد he و برای زن she.

✗Wrong: This is the man that I saw him.

✓Right: This is the man (that) I saw.

The relative pronoun already replaces him: don't repeat it.

در فارسی می‌گوییم «مردی که او را دیدم»، اما در انگلیسی that جای him را می‌گیرد و him تکرار نمی‌شود.

✗Wrong: I have 20 years.

✓Right: I'm 20. / I'm 20 years old.

Age uses be, not have.

«۲۰ سال دارم» در انگلیسی با be گفته می‌شود: I'm 20.

✗Wrong: I am agree. / It's depend.

✓Right: I agree. / It depends.

agree and depend are verbs: no am/is.

«موافقم» در انگلیسی فقط I agree است؛ am اضافه نکنید. همین‌طور It depends.

✗Wrong: I am born in 1995.

✓Right: I was born in 1995.

Birth is a finished past event: was/were born.

«متولد ۱۹۹۵ هستم» را با گذشته می‌گوییم: I was born in 1995.

✗Wrong: I didn't saw him.

✓Right: I didn't see him.

After did/didn't, use the base form: did already shows the past.

did خودش گذشته است؛ پس فعل بعد از آن ساده می‌آید: didn't see.

✗Wrong: If I would have known, I would have come.

✓Right: If I had known, I would have come.

No would in the if-clause: if + past perfect.

در بخش if از would استفاده نکنید؛ if + had + قسمت سوم فعل.

✗Wrong: I made my homework.

✓Right: I did my homework.

do for tasks and work, make for creating things; both are «کردن» in Persian.

«کردن» گاهی make است و گاهی do: do homework، make a decision. باید با هم‌نشین‌ها حفظ شوند.

✗Wrong: I have seen him yesterday.

✓Right: I saw him yesterday.

With a finished time (yesterday, last week, in 2019) use the past simple.

با زمان تمام‌شده (دیروز، پارسال) حال کامل استفاده نمی‌شود؛ گذشته‌ی ساده بیاورید.

✗Wrong: I am living here since 2010.

✓Right: I have been living here since 2010.

From the past up to now = present perfect (continuous), not present.

«از ۲۰۱۰ اینجا زندگی می‌کنم» در انگلیسی با حال کامل گفته می‌شود: I have been living / I have lived.

✗Wrong: I have lived here since three years.

✓Right: I have lived here for three years.

for + a period (three years); since + a starting point (2020).

for برای مدت زمان (سه سال) و since برای نقطه‌ی شروع (از ۲۰۲۰).

✗Wrong: I am knowing the answer.

✓Right: I know the answer.

State verbs (know, like, want, believe) are not used in the continuous.

فعل‌های حالت مثل know و want معمولاً ing نمی‌گیرند.

✗Wrong: She work in a bank.

✓Right: She works in a bank.

Present simple with he/she/it adds -s.

در زمان حال ساده، با he / she / it به فعل s اضافه می‌شود.

✗Wrong: I came here for study.

✓Right: I came here to study.

Purpose with a verb uses to + verb.

«برای درس خواندن آمدم» = I came to study؛ for قبل از فعل نمی‌آید.

✗Wrong: Let me to explain.

✓Right: Let me explain.

let, make and modal verbs take the base form without to.

بعد از let و make فعل بدون to می‌آید.

✗Wrong: Can you to help me?

✓Right: Can you help me?

Modal verbs are followed by the base form, no to.

بعد از can، must، should و… فعل بدون to می‌آید.

✗Wrong: He said me that he was busy.

✓Right: He told me (that) he was busy. / He said (that) he was busy.

tell + person; say + (to + person).

«به من گفت» با tell me گفته می‌شود، نه said me.

✗Wrong: He suggested me to go.

✓Right: He suggested (that) I go. / He suggested going.

suggest is never followed by object + to.

بعد از suggest ساختار «مفعول + to» نمی‌آید؛ از that یا ing استفاده کنید.

✗Wrong: I want that you come.

✓Right: I want you to come.

want + person + to + verb.

«می‌خواهم که بیایی» = I want you to come؛ بعد از want که (that) نمی‌آید.

✗Wrong: I'm angry from him.

✓Right: I'm angry with him.

angry with a person, angry about a thing.

«از او عصبانی‌ام» = I'm angry with him؛ from نمی‌آید.

✗Wrong: It depends to you.

✓Right: It depends on you.

depend on, not to.

«بستگی دارد به...» = depend on.

✗Wrong: We discussed about the plan.

✓Right: We discussed the plan.

discuss takes a direct object: no about.

«درباره‌ی... بحث کردیم» = We discussed the plan؛ about لازم نیست.

✗Wrong: She entered to the room.

✓Right: She entered the room.

enter takes a direct object.

«وارد اتاق شد» = She entered the room؛ بدون to.

✗Wrong: Can you explain me the rule?

✓Right: Can you explain the rule to me?

explain something to someone.

explain مستقیم شخص نمی‌گیرد: explain it to me.

✗Wrong: I go to home at six.

✓Right: I go home at six.

home after go/come/get needs no preposition.

با home بعد از go و come حرف اضافه نمی‌آید: go home.

✗Wrong: See you in Monday.

✓Right: See you on Monday.

on + days and dates, in + months and years, at + times.

برای روزها on، برای ماه و سال in و برای ساعت at.

✗Wrong: He married with her.

✓Right: He married her. / He got married to her.

marry someone; get married to someone.

«با او ازدواج کرد» = He married her؛ with نمی‌آید.

✗Wrong: I have a question from you.

✓Right: I have a question for you. / Can I ask you something?

a question for someone.

«از شما سؤال دارم» = I have a question for you.

✗Wrong: I go to work with bus.

✓Right: I go to work by bus.

by + transport (by bus, by car), but on foot.

«با اتوبوس» = by bus؛ برای پیاده: on foot.

✗Wrong: I'm very interesting in music.

✓Right: I'm very interested in music.

-ed = how you feel; -ing = what causes the feeling.

interested حس خود شماست؛ interesting یعنی جذاب. «علاقه دارم» = I'm interested.

✗Wrong: This one is more better.

✓Right: This one is better. / much better.

better is already comparative: don't add more.

better خودش تفضیلی است؛ more اضافه نکنید. برای تأکید: much better.

✗Wrong: He speaks English very good.

✓Right: He speaks English very well.

Verbs are described by adverbs: well, not good.

برای توصیف فعل از قید استفاده می‌کنیم: well، نه good.

✗Wrong: The food was very delicious.

✓Right: The food was really delicious. / absolutely delicious.

Strong adjectives (delicious, amazing, huge) don't go with very.

صفت‌های قوی با very نمی‌آیند؛ از really یا absolutely استفاده کنید.