Word classes & word formation from A1 to C2

parts of speech · prefixes · suffixes · conversion

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# 1 Word classes & word formation ## A1 - Parts of speech: noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, determiner - Sentence parts: subject, verb, object, complement, adverbial - Interjections (Oh! Wow! Ouch!) ## B1 - Noun suffixes: -tion, -ment, -ness, -ity, -er/-or, -ance/-ence - Adjective suffixes: -ful, -less, -able, -ive, -al, -ous, -y - Verb suffixes: -ise/-ize, -en, -ify - Adverb suffix -ly (and adjectives ending in -ly: friendly, lovely) - Word families (act, action, active, actively) ## B2 - Negative prefixes: un-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, dis-, non- - Prefixes of meaning: re-, mis-, over-, under-, pre-, post-, co-, anti-, inter-, sub-, ex-, multi- - Prefix spelling: im- before m/p, il- before l, ir- before r ## C1 - Conversion: same word, new class (to email, a must, the dos and don'ts) - Compound nouns, adjectives and verbs: open, closed, hyphenated - Suffixes -ism, -ist, -hood, -ship, -dom, -ee ## C2 - Back-formation (edit ← editor, babysit ← babysitter) - Blends and clipping (brunch, smog; phone, exam) - Productive affixes in new words (-ify, de-, -friendly, -proof) - Acronyms and initialisms (NASA, the UN, an FBI agent)

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