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Reported speech from A1 to C2

statements · questions · commands · reporting verbs

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# 14 Reported speech ## B1 - say vs tell - Tense backshift - Pronoun, time and place changes (tomorrow → the next day) - Reported questions (She asked where I lived) - if / whether in reported yes/no questions - tell / ask somebody (not) to do - Reported requests and advice - Leaving out that (I think you're right; He said he'd come) ## B2 - Reporting verbs + patterns: verb + to, verb + sb + to, verb + -ing, verb + that, verb + preposition + -ing - suggest + -ing / that (never suggest to) - accuse sb of, apologize for, insist on, blame sb for, congratulate sb on - When not to backshift (still true; reporting verb in the present) - Modals in reported speech (can → could, will → would, must → must / had to) - Reporting thoughts and beliefs ## C1 - Reporting with nouns (He made an apology / gave a warning) - Passive reporting (It was announced that…) - verb + having done (He denied having taken it) - Summarizing speech instead of reporting word for word ## C2 - Attribution and distance (allegedly, reportedly, purportedly, is said to) - Free indirect speech in fiction - Reporting verbs in academic writing (argue, claim, contend, maintain, acknowledge)

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