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C1: what's new

Use inversion, clefts and hedging, and control register.

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# C1 · Advanced ## Words ### Word classes - Word formation 3: conversion & compounds ### Nouns - Nominalisation & complex noun phrases ### Determiners - Determiner order & pre-determiners - Articles 4: fixed phrases & names ### Pronouns - Pronouns: advanced ### Modifiers - Adverbs 3: viewpoint, focus & position - Adjective complementation - Comparison 4: all the more, none the less ### Prepositions - Complex prepositions: in terms of, by virtue of ## Verbs ### Tenses - Future in the past - be to; be bound to, be sure to, be likely to - Tense for distance & politeness - Special uses of the present ### Modals - Modality 1: may well, might as well, That'll be John - Modality 2: must have been waiting; can't or mustn't? ### Voice - Impersonal passive - Passive with see & make; choosing active or passive ### Verb patterns - Advanced complementation: painted it red - -ing or to: the subtle cases ## Sentences ### Structure - Agreement 3: The majority is/are ### Clauses - Participle clauses 2: absolutes & dangling participles - Noun clauses 2: the fact that, -ever clauses - Relative clauses 3: whereby, in which case - Concession 3: much as, Tired as I was - Infinitive & verbless clauses ### Conditionals - Inverted conditionals: Had I known… - if + should, were to, happen to; if so, if not - as if, would rather, it's high time, suppose ### Reported speech - Reporting 3: nominal & passive reporting ## Text ### Linking - Negative inversion: Never have I… - Inversion after place adverbials & so/such - Cleft sentences - Fronting, extraposition & end-weight - Ellipsis & substitution 2 - Cohesion: the former, the latter, thereby - Hedging & boosting ### Style - Register: formal & informal grammar - Spoken grammar 1 - Punctuation 4: long sentences

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